Associação entre parâmetros do sono e atividade física em corredores durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Association between sleep parameters and physical activity in runners during the COVID-19 pandemic

Determinar associação entre qualidade do sono (QS), sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) e a atividade física (AF) em corredores de rua durante a pandemia deCOVID-19. Em86 voluntários, as seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: QS (pelo Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, ESE (pelaEscala de Sonolência de Epworth) e a AF (pelo aplicativo Google Fit®).Utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson ou teste de correlação de Spearman. A análise de regressão linear simples foi realizada entre as variáveis que apresentaram correlação. Consideraram-se significantes os valores de p<0,05. Houve correlação entre a SDE e a contagem de passos, bem como entre a SDE e a AF. Verificou-se associação entre a SDE e a AF, mas não entre a QS e a AF.

To determine the association between sleep quality (SQ), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and physical activity (PA) in amateur street runners during the COVID-19pandemic. Eighty-six volunteers were evaluated, and the analyzed variables were: SQ (By Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), EDS (By Epworth Sleepiness Scale), and PA (By the Google Fit® app). The data was collected remotely, via email, using Google Forms. Pearson correlation test or Spearman correlation test was used for data correlation. Simple linear regression analysis was performed between variables that showed correlation. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. There was a correlation between EDS and step count [r (p) = 0.219 (0.042)], and only an association between PA and EDS was observed. Based on the results, an association was found between EDS and PA. However, no association was found between SQ and PA.

Desenvolvimento de aplicativo para higiene do sono em adultos / Development of an application for sleep hygiene in adults / Desarrollo de una aplicación para la higiene del sueño en adultos

Introdução: Diferentes condições clínicas podem afetar a quantidade e a qualidade do sono. As medidas de higiene do sono interferem diretamente na qualidade deste. Elas podem ser propagadas à população por meio de aplicativos. Objetivo: Desenvolver, avaliar e disponibilizar um aplicativo que contemple as medidas de higiene do sono e que seja capaz de gerar mudança e verificar a ocorrência de sonolência diurna excessiva. Metodologia: O aplicativo "Somnum" foi desenvolvido e 26 fonoaudiólogos certificados em Sono pela Associação Brasileira do Sono foram convidados a avaliar usando o questionário Emory e outro questionário elaborado pelas autoras. Após, 38 estudantes usaram o aplicativo e responderam antes e depois do uso o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e a Escala de Epworth. Resultados: Após seu desenvolvimento, o aplicativo foi avaliado por 4 fonoaudiólogas que contribuíram com suas sugestões e 38 universitários participaram respondendo os questionários, sendo que 6 deles participaram antes e após o uso do aplicativo. Sobre o Índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh, foi observado na análise estatística, comparando o antes e após o uso do aplicativo, melhora da qualidade de sono (p=0,04). No que se refere ao questionário Epworth, foi verificado na situação após o uso do aplicativo "Somnum", que não houve diferença significativa. Conclusão: Após o uso do aplicativo, verificou-se possível melhora na qualidade de sono. Houve ocorrência de sonolência diurna excessiva. (AU)

Introduction: Different clinical conditions can affect the quantity and quality of sleep. Sleep hygiene measures directly affect the quality of sleep. They can be disseminated to the population by means of applications. Objective: To develop, evaluate and make available an application that approach sleep hygiene and that is able to generate changes and verify the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness. Methodology: The application "Somnum" was developed and 26 speech therapists certified in sleep by the Brazilian Sleep Association were invited to evaluate it using the Emory questionnaire and another questionnaire developed by the authors. Afterwards, 38 students used the application and answered before and after the use the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Scale. Results: After its development, the app was evaluated by 4 speech therapists who contributed with their suggestions, and 38 university students participated by answering the questionnaires, 6 of them before and after the use of the application. In the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, it was observed in the statistical analysis, comparing before and after using the application, improvement in sleep quality (p=0.04). In the Epworth questionnaire, it was verified in the situation after using the "Somnum" application, that there was not significant difference. Conclusion: After using the application, there was a possible improvement in sleep quality. There was occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness. (AU)

Introducción: Diferentes condiciones clínicas pueden afectar a la cantidad y calidad del sueño. Las medidas de higiene del sueño afectan directamente a la calidad del mismo. Pueden propagarse a la población mediante aplicaciones. Objetivo: Desarrollar, evaluar y poner a disposición una aplicación que incluya medidas de higiene del sueño y que sea capaz de generar cambios y verificar la aparición de somnolencia diurna excesiva. Metodología: Se desarrolló la aplicación "Somnum" y se invitó a 26 fonoaudiólogos certificados en soeño por la Asociación Brasileña del Sonido a evaluarla utilizando el cuestionario Emory y otro cuestionario elaborado por los autores. Posteriormente, 38 estudiantes utilizaron la aplicación y respondieron antes y después del uso de la misma al Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh y a la Escala de Epworth. Resultados: Tras su desarrollo, la aplicación fue evaluada por 4 fonoaudiólogos que aportaron sus sugerencias y 38 estudiantes universitarios participaron respondiendo a los cuestionarios, 6 de ellos antes y después del uso de la aplicación. Sobre el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, se observó en el análisis estadístico, comparando antes y después del uso de la aplicación, mejoría en la calidad del sueño (p=0,04). Con respecto al cuestionario de Epworth, se verificó en la situación posterior al uso de la aplicación "Somnum", que no hubo diferencia significativa. Conclusión:Después de usar la aplicación, hubo uma posible mejora em la calidad del sueño. Hubo ocurrencia de somnolencia diurna excesiva. (AU)

Dependence on the use of technologies and daytime sleepiness in adolescent students

INTRODUCTION: Over the past 50 years, there has been a decline in average sleep duration and quality, with adverse consequences for overall health. Growing evidence from countries around the world shows the negative impact of using internet access technologies on sleep due to the short wavelength enriched light emitted by these electronic devices. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the exposure to modern technologies/internet and its relationship with the state of daytime sleepiness in teenage high school students. METHODS: a survey was conducted in six public schools located in the northeast of Brazil. The sample consisted of 1,130 students (mean age 16.6 years ± 1.1). The data collection instrument used was an objective criterion. The characteristic analytical study and quantitative interpretation. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation. For association analyses, the chi-square test or Student's t-test was used. It was considered significant p<0.05. RESULTS: We found that 7% and 31.6% of the participants reported a state of sleepiness during and after classes, respectively. 59.3% report using the internet excessively, 39.9% have a feeling of dependence, 32.6% report sleep deprivation due to excessive internet use, and 26.7% are unsuccessful in trying to reduce the use of cell phones. CONCLUSION: The relationships between the variables in this study will allow us, the younger students use internet access equipment, the more they are exposed to the risk of sleep impairment.

A cross-sectional study on the sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness of Filipino medical students in a state-run university during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic

Introduction@#Movement restrictions and changes in medical education around the world due to the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic have been sources of stress, which affect sleep and compound the demands of medical education. In the Philippines, stay-at-home orders were implemented in the National Capital Region on 15 March 2020, and despite various readjustments and re-definitions, remain in effect to date, March 2022. Objectives. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of Filipino medical students during prolonged stay-at-home orders, to compare them with pre-pandemic evaluations, and to explore associations between scores and participant characteristics.@*Methods@#The medical student population of a state-run university in the City of Manila was included, while those on a leave of absence were excluded. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index which measure excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep quality, respectively, were disseminated via Google Forms from April to May 2021. @*Results@#Response rate was 87.75% (n=709) with a mean age of 22.9 ± 2.0 years and a 1:1.09 male-to-female ratio. Among the respondents, 41.18% had excessive daytime sleepiness, and was significantly higher for first-year premedicine students. Compared to pre-pandemic scores, daytime sleepiness decreased during the pandemic. On the other hand, 62.34% of the respondents had poor sleep quality, with global scores being significantly higher for the first-year pre-medicine students. Relationships between participants' characteristics and their scores were extremely weak, while a moderately significant correlation existed between global daytime sleepiness and sleep quality scores.@*Conclusion@#Both excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality remain prevalent during prolonged stay-athome orders. These reflect the effect of the pandemic on stress inherent to medical education, and may be additional facets to be regarded in evaluating the general well-being of medical students.

Modifiable behavioral risk factors for NCDs and sleep in Brazilian adolescents / Fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para DNT e sono em adolescentes brasileiros

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between modifiable behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases and sleep parameters in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the RPS Cohort Consortium, São Luís, Brazil for the follow-up of adolescents aged 18-19 years (n = 2,515). The outcomes were excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale - ESS) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI). The exposures of interest were the behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): screen time, physical inactivity, alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs, caffeine intake, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Excess weight was considered a possible mediator of this association between the exposures of interest and the outcomes. The models were analyzed by modeling with structural equations. RESULTS Physical inactivity (standardized coefficient, SC = 0.112; p = 0.001), higher consumption of alcohol (SC = 0.168; p = 0.019) and of sugar-sweetened beverages (SC = 0.128; p < 0.001) were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents; better socioeconomic status was also associated with this outcome (SC = 0.128; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity (SC = 0.147; p < 0.001) and higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SC = 0.089; p = 0.003) were also associated with poor sleep quality. Overweight was neither a mediator nor associated with sleep quality or excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS The main modifiable behavioral risk factors for NCDs are associated with worse sleep parameters already in adolescence, which serves as a warning toward the accumulation of risks for sleep disorders in the future.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a associação entre fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para doenças não transmissíveis e parâmetros do sono em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Consórcio de Coortes RPS, São Luís, Brasil para o seguimento de adolescentes de 18-19 anos (n = 2.515). Os desfechos foram a sonolência diurna excessiva (Escala de Sonolência de Epworth - ESE) e a qualidade do sono (Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh - IQSP). As exposições de interesse foram os fatores de risco comportamentais para doenças não transmissíveis (DNT): tempo de tela, inatividade física, álcool, cigarro, drogas ilícitas, consumo de cafeína, consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar. O excesso de peso foi considerado um possível mediador dessa associação entre as exposições de interesse e os desfechos. Os modelos foram analisados por modelagem com equações estruturais. RESULTADOS A inatividade física (Coeficiente padronizado, CP = 0,112; p = 0,001), maior consumo de álcool (CP = 0,168; p = 0,019) e de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001) foram associados a sonolência diurna excessiva nos adolescentes; a melhor situação socioeconômica também foi associada a este desfecho (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001). A inatividade física (CP = 0,147; p < 0,001) e o maior consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,089; p = 0,003) também se associaram com a qualidade do sono ruim. O excesso de peso não foi mediador e nem associado à qualidade do sono ou à sonolência diurna excessiva. CONCLUSÕES Os principais fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para DNT estão associados a piores parâmetros do sono já na adolescência; alertando para um quadro de acúmulos de riscos para distúrbios de sono no futuro.

A nationwide study on sleep complaints and associated factors in older adults: ELSI-Brazil / Estudo nacional sobre queixas de sono e fatores associados em idosos: ELSI-Brasil / Estudio nacional sobre quejas de sueño y factores asociados en adultos mayores: ELSI-Brasil

Abstract: Sleep problems, such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, early awakening with failure to continue sleep, and altered sleep-wake cycle, are common in the general population. This cross-sectional study with 6,929 older adults (≥ 60 years) aimed to estimate the prevalence of different types of sleep problems, their associated factors, and the population-attributable fraction of associated factors among older adults. The outcome variables consisted of self-reported sleep problems: insomnia (initial, intermediate, late, and any type of insomnia), poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. The independent variables were sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health conditions. The prevalence proportions were initial insomnia (49.1%), intermediate insomnia (49.2%), late insomnia (45.9%), any type of insomnia (58.6%), poor sleep quality (15.6%), and daytime sleepiness (38.4%). Female sex, presence of two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health were positively associated with the sleep problems investigated. Consuming alcohol once a month or more was inversely associated with initial insomnia. Population attributable fraction estimates ranged from 3% to 19% considering two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health. High prevalence of self-reported sleep problems was evinced in older adults. These results can be useful to guide public health services in the creation of informational, evaluative, and screening strategies for sleep problems in older Brazilian adults.

Resumo: Problemas de sono, como dificuldade para adormecer, permanecer dormindo, despertar precoce com falha na continuidade do sono e alteração do ciclo vigília-sono, são comuns na população em geral. Este estudo transversal com 6.929 idosos (≥ 60 anos) buscou estimar a prevalência de diferentes tipos de problemas de sono, seus fatores associados e a fração atribuível populacional de fatores associados a problemas de sono nessa população. As variáveis de desfecho foram problemas de sono autorreferidos: insônia (inicial, intermediária, tardia e qualquer tipo de insônia), má qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna. As variáveis independentes incluíram características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e condições de saúde. As proporções de prevalência foram: insônia inicial (49,1%), insônia intermediária (49,2%), insônia tardia (45,9%), qualquer tipo de insônia (58,6%), má qualidade do sono (15,6%) e sonolência diurna (38,4%). Sexo feminino, presença de duas ou mais doenças crônicas, não consumir a quantidade recomendada de frutas e hortaliças e autoavaliação da saúde como regular e ruim/muito ruim mostraram associação positiva aos problemas de sono investigados. Consumo de álcool uma vez por mês ou mais associou-se inversamente à insônia inicial. As estimativas da fração atribuível populacional variaram de 3% a 19% considerando duas ou mais doenças crônicas, consumo insuficiente de frutas e vegetais e saúde autorrelatada regular/ruim/muito ruim. Evidenciou-se alta prevalência de problemas de sono autorreferidos em idosos. Esses resultados podem orientar os serviços públicos de saúde na criação de estratégias informativas, avaliativas e de rastreamento de problemas de sono em idosos brasileiros.

Resumen: Problemas del sueño, como la dificultad para conciliar el sueño, permanecer dormido, despertarse temprano sin poder seguir durmiendo y cambios en el ciclo de sueño y vigilia, son comunes en la población en general. Este estudio transversal con 6.929 personas mayores (≥ 60 años) buscó estimar la prevalencia de diferentes tipos de problemas de sueño, sus factores asociados y la fracción atribuible a la población de factores asociados con problemas de sueño en esta población. Las variables de desenlace fueron problemas de sueño autoinformados: insomnio (inicial, intermedio, tardío y cualquier tipo de insomnio), mala calidad del sueño y somnolencia diurna. Las variables independientes incluyeron características sociodemográficos y conductuales y condiciones de salud. Estas fueron las proporciones de prevalencia: insomnio inicial (49,1%), insomnio intermedio (49,2%), insomnio tardío (45,9%), cualquier tipo de insomnio (58,6%), mala calidad del sueño (15,6%) y somnolencia diurna (38,4%). El sexo femenino, la presencia de dos o más enfermedades crónicas, no consumir la cantidad recomendada de frutas y hortalizas y la autoevaluación de la salud como regular y mala/muy mala mostraron una asociación positiva con los problemas de sueño investigados. El consumo de alcohol una vez al mes o más se asoció inversamente con el insomnio inicial. Las estimaciones de la fracción atribuible de la población oscilaron entre el 3% y el 19% considerando dos o más enfermedades crónicas, un consumo insuficiente de frutas y verduras y una salud autoinformada regular/mala/muy mala. Se evidenció una alta prevalencia de problemas de sueño autoinformados en las personas mayores. Estos resultados pueden orientar los servicios públicos de salud en la creación de estrategias informativas, evaluativas y de seguimiento de los problemas de sueño en las personas mayores brasileñas.

Sleep characteristics and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents and adults: results from the birth cohorts of three Brazilian cities — RPS Consortium / Características do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva em adolescentes e adultos: resultados das coortes de nascimento de três cidades brasileiras - Consórcio RPS

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the prevalence of insufficient sleep duration, long sleep latency, terminal or maintenance insomnia, subjective sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness among participants of birth cohorts conducted in three Brazilian cities, and to evaluate differences in prevalence rates within cohorts according to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses involving adolescents and adults participating in four birth cohorts conducted in Ribeirão Preto (RP78 and RP94), Pelotas (PEL93) and São Luís (SL97/98). Sleep duration, latency, terminal or maintenance insomnia, and subjective sleep quality were obtained through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; and excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Differences in the prevalence of the outcomes were analyzed in each cohort according to sociodemographic characteristics (skin color, marital status, socioeconomic status, study and working at the time of the interview) stratified by sex. Results: Insufficient sleep duration was the most common outcome at the four cohorts, with higher frequency among men. Long latency was more frequently reported by young adult women in RP94 and PEL93 cohorts, and insomnia by women of the four cohorts, when compared to men of the same age. Women generally suffered more from excessive daytime sleepiness and evaluated the quality of their sleep more negatively than men. In addition to sex, being a student and working were associated with the largest number of outcomes in both sexes. Conclusion: Sleep disorders are more prevalent in women, reinforcing the need for greater investment in sleep health in Brazil, without disregarding gender and socioeconomic determinants.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de duração do sono, latência, insônia terminal, qualidade subjetiva do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva entre participantes de coortes de nascimentos realizadas em três cidades brasileiras, bem como avaliar as diferenças nas taxas de prevalência das coortes de acordo com características sociodemográficas. Métodos: Análises transversais envolvendo participantes de quatro coortes de nascimento realizadas em Ribeirão Preto (RP78 e RP94), Pelotas (PEL93) e São Luís (SL97). A duração, a latência, a insônia terminal e a qualidade subjetiva do sono foram obtidas por meio do Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh; e a sonolência diurna excessiva foi avaliada pela Escala de Sonolência de Epworth. As diferenças na prevalência dos desfechos foram analisadas em cada coorte segundo características sociodemográficas estratificadas por sexo. Resultados: A duração insuficiente do sono foi o desfecho mais comum nas quatro coortes, com maior frequência entre os homens. Latência longa foi mais frequentemente relatada por mulheres adultas jovens nas coortes RP94 e PEL93, e insônia por mulheres das quatro coortes, quando comparadas a homens da mesma idade. As mulheres geralmente sofriam mais com sonolência diurna excessiva e avaliavam a qualidade do sono de forma mais negativa do que os homens. Além do sexo, ser estudante e trabalhar estiveram associados ao maior número de desfechos em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: Os distúrbios do sono são mais prevalentes em mulheres, reforçando a necessidade de maior investimento na saúde do sono no Brasil, sem desconsiderar gênero e determinantes socioeconômicos.

Terapia miofuncional en síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS): revisión de la literatura / Myofunctional therapy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA): a literature review

La terapia miofuncional orofacial (TMO) ha tenido un creciente desarrollo durante la última década, presentándose como una opción terapéutica en pacientes con AOS. Sin embargo, la evidencia es limitada y en Chile no hay mucho conocimiento al respecto. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática en PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs y Scielo, que incluyó estudios primarios publicados en los últimos 10 años en idioma inglés, español o portugués y que utilizaran la TMO en pacientes adultos con AOS. Se excluyeron estudios que combinaran otras estrategias, con alteraciones miofuncionales secundarias a patologías concomitantes y con otro tipo de trastorno del sueño. La revisión consideró 9 artículos en su análisis; los resultados mostraron beneficios significativos a favor de la TMO en relación a disminución del índice de apnea-hipopnea, mejor calidad del sueño, nivel de somnolencia de Epworth, menor intensidad y frecuencia de los ronquidos, menor circunferencia del cuello, entre otros. Se concluye que la TMO genera beneficios en los pacientes con AOS, siendo una opción no invasiva y accesible.

Orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) has had a growing development during the last decade, presenting itself as a therapeutic option in patients with OSA. However, the evidence is limited and in Chile there is not much knowledge about it. A systematic review was developed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs and Scielo, which included primary studies published in the last 10 years in English, Spanish or Portuguese that used OMT in adult patients with OSA. Studies that combined other strategies, with myofunctional alterations secondary to concomitant pathologies and with another type of sleep disorder were excluded. The review considered 9 articles in its analysis; The results showed significant benefits in favor of OMT in relation to a decrease in the apnea-hypopnea index, better sleep quality, Epworth sleepiness level, less intensity and frequency of snoring, less neck circumference, among others. It is concluded that OMT generates benefits in patients with OSA, being a non-invasive and accessible option.

Prevalence of Overlap Syndrome in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Quaternary Care Center of Kerala

Background: The coexistence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is termed “Overlap syndrome (OS).” Objectives: The present study aimed at estimating the prevalence of OS among patients diagnosed with OSA. Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted on patients presenting to respiratory medicine outpatient department (sleep clinic) with symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing and was found to have OSA by overnight polysomnography. These patients were then subjected to spirometry to diagnose COPD. Results: The prevalence of OS in the study population was found to be 41.3%. Excessive daytime sleepiness was found to be higher in overlap group patients (P = 0.033), the difference was statistically significant. The mean age (59.9 ± 9.6 years) was found to be high in the OS group compared to those without the same. The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC (pre? and postbronchodilator) spirometry parameters were found to be lower in patients with OS. Conclusion: The study showed that the prevalence of OS in the present study was 41.3%. Excessive daytime sleepiness and age >60 years were risk factors for OS in a patient with OSA. OS patients had lower pulmonary function values.

Impact of CPAP treatment for a short period in moderate-to-severe OSAS patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial / Impacto do tratamento com CPAP por um curto período em pacientes com SAOS moderada a grave: um estudo clínico duplo-cego randomizado

Abstract Introduction: Obesity is the most frequent reversible agravating factor of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, with physical activity very important for its control. Continuous positive air pressure during sleep is the ‟gold standard" treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Objective: we aimed to investigate if the use of continuous positive air pressure for a short period (7 days), would improve sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and the disposition for physical activity. Methods: Eighty obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients were randomly assigned as follows: group I - continuous positive air pressure with a steady pressure of 4cm H2O; group II - ideal therapeutic pressure. After filling out the questionnaires related to the studied variables (International physical activity questionnaire long-form, Epworth sleepiness scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index), patients underwent a baseline pulmonary function test and continuous positive air pressure titration. After continuous positive air pressure therapy for 4> hours a night for 7 consecutive days, patients returned and filled out new (International physical activity questionnaire long-form, Epworth sleepiness scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index) forms. New spirometry was carried out. Results: 39 patients completed the study. The mean age was 52 ±11 years old and 28 patients (71.79%) were obese. Both groups were similar for all variables studied at baseline. After Continuous positive air pressure use, patients of group II presented more significant improvements (p< 0.05) for sleep quality and diurnal sleepiness. Time spent with physical activities did not change. Spirometric data were at normal range at baseline. Solely the variable FEF 25%-75% was significantly enhanced (p< 0.05) in group II. Conclusion: Continuous positive air pressure therapy for 1 week, with ideal pressure, improves daytime sleepiness and sleep quality, enhances pulmonary function, but does not change the mean time spent with physical activities.

Resumo Introdução: A obesidade é o fator causal reversível mais frequente da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono, a atividade física é muito importante para o seu controle. A pressão positiva contínua na via aérea, CPAP, durante o sono é o tratamento padrão ouro para essa condição clínica. Objetivo: Avaliar se o uso do CPAP na síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono por um curto período (7 dias) melhoraria a qualidade do sono, a sonolência diurna e a disposição para a prática de atividades físicas, além da função pulmonar. Método: Oitenta pacientes com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono foram distribuídos aleatoriamente da seguinte forma: grupo I - CPAP com pressão constante de 4cm H2O; grupo II - pressão terapêutica ideal. Após o preenchimento dos questionários relacionados ao estudo das variáveis (PSQI, ESS e IPAQ-L), os pacientes foram submetidos a teste de função pulmonar basal e titulação da CPAP. Após terapia com CPAP por ≥ 4 horas por noite durante sete dias consecutivos, os pacientes retornaram e preencheram novos questionários PSQI, ESS e IPAQ-L. Nova espirometria foi feita. Resultados: Apenas 39 pacientes completaram o estudo. A média de idade foi de 52 ± 11 anos e 28 pacientes (71,79%) eram obesos. Ambos os grupos eram semelhantes quanto às variáveis avaliadas no início do estudo. Após o uso de CPAP, os pacientes do grupo II apresentaram melhorias mais significantes (p < 0,05) para qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna. O tempo gasto com atividades físicas não mudou. Os dados espirométricos estavam na faixa normal no início do estudo. Apenas a variável FEF 25%-75% aumentou significantemente (p < 0,05) no grupo II. Conclusão: A terapia com CPAP por uma semana, com pressão ideal, melhora a sonolência diurna e a qualidade do sono, melhora a função pulmonar, mas não altera o tempo médio despendido com atividades físicas.

Fatigue and primary sarcopenia in geriatric patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of fatigue in geriatric patients with primary sarcopenia and to evaluate the relationship between fatigue and symptoms such as depression and sleepiness. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted between December 2020 and August 2021 in the geriatrics outpatient clinic of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria were considered for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Demographic data, accompanying chronic diseases, comprehensive geriatric assessments, and laboratory values of the patients were noted. Scales used to assess fatigue in all participants include Fatigue Assessment Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Fatigue Impact Scale and associated symptoms include Geriatric Depression Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) age was 75.3 (7.1) for 51 primary sarcopenia (38 female) patients and 73.5 (5.8) for 51 control (37 female) patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender and age (p=0.822, p=0.171). The prevalence of hypertension was higher, and the level of education was lower in the sarcopenic group than in the nonsarcopenic group (p=0.017, p=0.013). Fatigue Assessment Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Fatigue Impact Scale total, Fatigue Impact Scale cognitive, Fatigue Impact Scale physical, and Fatigue Impact Scale social questionnaire scores were significantly higher in the sarcopenic group (all p<0.001). The Geriatric Depression Scale score was statistically higher in the sarcopenic group; however, there was no significant difference in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score between the two groups (p=0.014, p=0.072). Multivariate analysis was performed on education level, hypertension, fatigue questionnaires, and Geriatric Depression Scale, which were found to be significant in the univariate logistic regression analysis. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the Fatigue Impact Scale total was determined to be associated with sarcopenia [odds ratio 1.161, 95% confidence interval (1.084-1.242)]. CONCLUSION: In primary sarcopenia, there is mental and social fatigue as well as physical fatigue. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in geriatric patients is important.

Sleep Quality among Healthcare Professionals in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: A person spends one third life in sleep, so the quality and quantity of sleep is of utmost importance. Health Care Professionals (HCPs) are more prone to inconsistency in sleep both in quality and quantity, which leads to deflection from health and well-being of themselves and care of others. This study aims to assess the various factors influencing sleep quality and daytime sleepiness among medical and nursing healthcare professionals. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect socio-demographic and work-related information, co-morbidity and quality of Sleep using ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) scale. Results: Among the 150 HCPs, 64.7% were medical and 35.3% were nursing professionals. 53.6% of medical and 66% of nursing professionals reported poor sleep quality. Increased coffee consumption influences sleep quality and it was found to be statistically significant. Nursing professionals had more excessive daytime sleepiness (58.5%) with significant p-value (p=0.01). Conclusion: According to our study results, sleep quality was poor among nursing professionals which highlights the need for measures to improve their quality of sleep.

Mental disorders among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is the most important event in women's lives and can lead to psychological lability. Several risk factors (such as disasters, events and pandemics) have been correlated with greater prevalence of mental disorders during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: To research how pregnant women have been affected by the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic process, in order to contribute to the limited literature. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey study conducted at the Training and Research Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ordu, Ordu, Turkey, from February 1 to March 1, 2021. METHODS: In total, 356 pregnant women were enrolled and completed the survey. Intention of going to hospital and the Beck anxiety, Beck depression, Beck hopelessness and Epworth sleepiness scales were applied to detect mental disorders. RESULTS: Among the participants, the anxiety, depression, hopelessness and sleepiness scores were 29.2%, 36.2%, 58.1% and 11.8%, respectively. The pregnant women stated that they avoided going to hospital in unnecessary situations by obeying the 'stay at home' calls, but also stated that they were afraid of the potential harmful effects of inadequate physician control. However, most of them stated that they would go to the hospital in emergencies. CONCLUSIONS: This paper illustrated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women and emphasized their high rates of anxiety, depression, hopelessness and sleepiness. Since presence of mental disorders is indirectly related to poor pregnancy outcomes, preventive strategies should be developed, especially during this pandemic process.

Application of NoSAS score, STOP-BANG Questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness scale in evaluating obstructive sleep apnea risk in patients with respiratory disease / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To compare the value of NoSAS score, STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in assessing the risk of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in patients with respiratory disease (RD).Methods:The clinical data, NoSAS, SBQ and ESS scores of 190 patients who underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) were collected. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with different apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as the judgment cutoff, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and accuracy of the three scales were compared.Results:With AHI ≥5 times/h as the cutoff, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of NoSAS and SBQ were 0.833 and 0.729, respectively, indicating that both have predictive value for mild OSAHS. Among them, NoSAS had a larger DOR value (16.150), indicating that NoSAS had the higher accuracy in assessing the risk of mild OSAHS. When AHI>15 times/h was used as the cutoff, the AUC value of NoSAS was 0.704, indicating that it has predictive value for moderate OSAHS. When AHI>30 times/h was used as the cutoff, the AUC value (0.706) and DOR value (6.527) of SBQ were high, indicating that it has predictive value and good accuracy for severe OSAHS. The SBQ is more sensitive than NoSAS and ESS when evaluating patients at high risk for OSAHS ( SBQ≥3). Conclusions:When evaluating the risk of mild and moderate OSAHS in RD patients, NoSAS is better than SBQ and ESS, and when evaluating severe OSAHS, SBQ is better than NoSAS and ESS. In clinical work, appropriate predictive tools should be selected according to the actual situation to assess the risk of OSAHS, so as to formulate and implement early intervention plans based on the assessment results.

Association between Anxiety and Sleepiness in Medical Students of the University of Guadalajara (Mexico) / Asociación entre ansiedad y somnolencia diurna en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Guadalajara (México) / Associação entre ansiedade e sonolência diurna em estudantes de medicina da Universidade de Guadalajara (México)

Introduction: Medical students could potentially be considered as a vulnerable group in terms of increased risk for anxiety and sleep disorders. This could be caused by high academic demands, and high levels of stress. There is little information, however, when it comes to the relationship between anxiety and exces-sive daytime sleepiness among medical students, and the potentially negative effects this relationship could have upon student health and academic performance. The objective was to identify the association between anxiety and excessive daytime sleepiness in medical students of the University of Guadalajara (Mexico). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, evaluating 173 students between January and April of 2019. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used for the determination of excessive day-time sleepiness, while the anxiety symptoms were measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. According to the cut-off points for the Epworth scales, the cut-off point was from 10 and for the Beck anxiety inventory it was 8. Chi square and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. A value of p<0.05 was consid-ered statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the students when comparing the presence and absence of excessive daytime sleepiness and anxiety with a value of p = 0.036 and Odds Ratio of 2.161. Conclusion: A high prevalence of anxiety and insomnia was found in the group of medical students which was evaluated. Additionally, it was found that students who suffer from anxiety are more likely to develop excessive daytime sleepiness

Introducción: los estudiantes de medicina pueden ser considerados un grupo vulnerable para presentar ansiedad y trastornos del sueño, debido a las altas exigencias académicas y al estrés; sin embargo, se cuenta con pocos datos sobre la relación entre la ansiedad y la somnolencia en estudiantes de medicina, relación que podría generar complicaciones tanto académicas como de salud. El objetivo fue la asociación entre ansiedad y somnolencia excesiva diurna en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Guadalajara (México). Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal con 173 estudiantes entre enero y abril del 2019. Para la determinación de somnolencia excesiva diurna se aplicó la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth (punto de corte = 10), mientras que para evaluar los síntomas de ansiedad excesiva se utilizó el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (punto de corte = 8). Se emplearon chi cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher para el análisis estadístico. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0.05. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los estudiantes al comparar la presencia y la ausencia de somnolencia y ansiedad con un valor de p = 0.036 y un odds ratio de 2.161. Conclusión: hay una alta prevalencia de ansiedad e insomnio en los estudiantes de medicina evaluados, y aquellos con ansiedad tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar somnolencia excesiva diurna

Introdução: estudantes de medicina podem ser potencialmente considerados um grupo vulnerável em ter-mos de risco aumentado para ansiedade e distúrbios do sono. Isso pode ser causado por altas demandas acadêmicas e altos níveis de estresse. No entanto, há poucas informações sobre a relação entre ansiedade e sonolência diurna excessiva entre estudantes de medicina e os efeitos potencialmente negativos que essa relação pode ter sobre a saúde e o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos. O objetivo foi identificar a associação entre ansiedade e sonolência diurna excessiva em estudantes de medicina da Universidade de Guadalajara (Mêxico). Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal, avaliando 173 alunos entre janeiro e abril de 2019. A Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ponto de corte = 10) foi utilizada para a determina-ção da sonolência diurna excessiva, enquanto os sintomas de ansiedade foram medidos por meio do Inventário de Ansiedad de Beck (ponto de corte = 8). Qui-quadrado e prova exata Fisher foram usados para análise estatística. Um valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados:foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os alunos ao comparar a presença e ausência de sonolência diurna excessiva e ansiedade com um valor de p = 0,036 e um Odds Ratio de 2,16. Conclusão: foi encontrada alta prevalência de ansiedade e insônia no grupo de estudantes de medicina avaliados. Além disso, verificou-se que os alunos que sofrem de ansiedade têm maior probabilidade de desenvolver sonolência diurna excessiva

Qualidade de sono e níveis de ansiedade entre estudantes universitários / Sleep quality and anxiety levels among university students

O presente artigo busca descrever a qualidade do sono e sonolência excessiva diurna de estudantes universitários e verificar quais os níveis de ansiedade traço (A-Traço) e ansiedade estado (A-Estado) apresentados por eles. Uma amostra, composta por estudantes de graduação de cursos do turno diurno, respondeu a um formulário online, contendo os questionários: Sociodemográfico; Escala de Sonolência de Epworth; Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh; e Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. Foi realizada, então, análise descritiva dos dados. A média de idade dos 305 participantes foi de 22 ± 2,99 anos, 51,37% do sexo feminino, 98,03% não eram tabagistas; 52,8% consumiam álcool, e 54,1% praticavam atividade física. A maioria apresentou ausência de sonolência excessiva diurna (62,3%), qualidade do sono ruim (72,4%), níveis moderados de A-Traço (56,4%) e A-Estado (47,2%). Os principais achados deste estudo revelam que os voluntários apresentam má qualidade do sono com um nível moderado de ansiedade traço-estado. Os resultados também apontam que o perfil dos alunos que responderam ao questionário foi composto por adultos jovens que não possuem vínculo empregatício e eram solteiros. Houve má qualidade do sono entre os estudantes universitários. Além disso, os escores de ansiedade traço-estado apresentaram-se em níveis moderados.

The present article seeks to describe the quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness of university students and to verify the levels of trait anxiety (A-Trait) and state anxiety (A-State) presented by them. A sample, composed of undergraduate students from daytime courses, responded to an online form, containing the following questionnaires: Sociodemographic; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A descriptive analysis of the data was then performed. The mean age of the 305 participants was 22 ± 2.99 years, 51.37% were female, 98.03% were non-smokers, 52.8% consumed alcohol, and 54.1% practiced physical activity. The majority demonstrated an absence of excessive daytime sleepiness (62.3%), poor sleep quality (72.4%), and moderate levels of A-Trait (56.4%) and A-State (47.2%). The main findings of this study reveal that the volunteers have poor sleep quality with a moderate level of state-trait anxiety. The results also indicate that the profile of the students who answered the questionnaire was composed of young adults who did not have an employment relationship and were single. There was poor sleep quality among university students. In addition, state trait anxiety scores were at moderate levels.

A dietary intervention study on the effects of different dietary structures on postprandial drowsiness / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo find the type of dietary structure that can effectively prevent or improve postprandial sleepiness in the Chinese population， and provide scientific basis and solutions for improving or avoiding postprandial sleepiness. MethodsIn this study， a six-day dietary intervention trial was conducted for 20 volunteers on four different diets （normal diet， high-fat diet， high-carbohydrate diet and healthy diet）. ResultsThe results showed that sleepiness increased after all four types of meals， but decreased after 30 minutes in the healthy balanced diet group； meanwhile， it increased for 60 minutes before it declined in the high-carbohydrate， high-fat， and normal diet （control） group. At 60 minutes after meal， the drowsiness of the healthy balanced diet group was the weakest， and that of the high carbohydrate diet groups was the strongest， while that of the normal diet group and the high fat diet group was intermediate （P<0.000 1）. Postprandial sleepiness was positively correlated with intake of carbohydrate and manganese， and negatively correlated with intake of protein， some mineral elements and vitamins. ConclusionThese results suggest that controlling carbohydrate and fat intake and appropriately increasing the intake of mineral elements and vitamins in a healthy and balanced diet can significantly improve and prevent postprandial sleepiness.

Trastornos del sueño en personas mayores. ¿Cómo duermen las personas mayores de la Ciudad de México? / Sleep disorders in older people. How do older people from Mexico City sleep?

Introducción: el buen sueño es esencial para la salud física y mental a lo largo de la vida. Sin embargo, existen pocos reportes sobre los problemas del sueño que enferentan las personas mayores que viven en la comunidad. Objetivo: describir la prevalencia de los principales problemas de sueño y su relación con condiciones médicas en las personas mayores que viven en la comunidad. Material y métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo con 1678 personas de 60 años y más, derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en la Ciudad de México. Se evaluó la duración del sueño, la calidad del sueño, la somnolencia diurna, el insomnio y el riesgo de apnea obstructiva de sueño, junto con algunas variables sociodemográficas y condiciones médicas. Resultados: las personas mayores reportaron dormir, en promedio, 6.04 (± 1.5) horas por noche; el 49.1% tenía baja calidad del sueño y el 19.1% experimentaba somnolencia diurna; el 30.8% presentó insomnio y el 27.5% tenía riesgo de apnea obstructiva del sueño. Se observó un patrón de mayor prevalencia de problemas de sueño en las personas mayores con depresión, deterioro cognitivo, dificultades para realizar actividades básicas de la vida diaria y en quienes consumían medicamentos para el sistema nervioso. Conclusiones: este estudio mostró que las personas mayores duermen pocas horas, tienen baja calidad de sueño y prevalencia alta de trastornos del sueño. La identificación y el tratamiento de los problemas del sueño en las personas mayores debe ser una prioridad en el IMSS.

Background: Good sleep is essential for physical and mental health throughout life. However, there are few reports describing the sleep problems experienced by community-dwelling older people. Objective: To describe the prevalence of sleep disorders and their relationship with medical conditions in community-dwelling older people. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1678 older people (60 years and over) from the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) in Mexico City. Sleep duration, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, insomnia and risk of obstructive sleep apnea were evaluated, alongside with sociodemographic variables and medical conditions. Results: Participants self-reported an average sleep duration of 6.04 (± 1.5) hours per night, approximately half had poor sleep quality (49.1%), and 2 out of 10 experienced daytime sleepiness (19.1%); one third had insomnia (30.8%) and risk of obstructive sleep apnea (27.5%). A pattern of higher prevalence of sleep problems was observed in older adults with depression, with cognitive impairment, with difficulties in basic activities of daily living and in those taking medications for the nervous system. Conclusions: This study showed that older people sleep few hours, have low sleep quality, and have a high prevalence of sleep disorders. The identification and treatment of sleep disordes in older people should be a priority in the IMSS.

A qualidade de sono de fisioterapeutas de um hospital público durante a pandemia de Covid-19 / The quality of sleep of physiotherapists in a public hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic

INTRODUÇÃO: A pandemia de covid-19 tornou necessário estudos sobre o impacto da pandemia e das novas rotinas de trabalho impostas ao trabalhador no estado de saúde de profissionais de saúde, em especial os fisioterapeutas hospitalares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de sono e sonolência diurna de profissionais de fisioterapia hospitalar durante o período de pandemia do covid-19. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Pesquisa observacional, transversal, prospectiva em um hospital público do nordeste brasileiro. A pesquisa teve como público-alvo fisioterapeutas hospitalares atuantes ou não em setores covid durante a pandemia de covid-19. Foram aplicados os instrumentos Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP), Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) e questionários com características demográficas, trabalho, saúde e percepção de estresse. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 45 fisioterapeutas e foi observado que 62,2% eram do sexo feminino, 66,7% relataram trabalhar 60h por semana e 55,6% trabalharam em setor covid e não covid. Observou-se elevada frequência de má qualidade do sono (68,9%) independente de carga horária ou setor de trabalho. Houve maior prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva (43,3%) entre os fisioterapeutas que trabalhavam 60h por semana. CONCLUSÃO: Os fisioterapeutas hospitalares de uma instituição pública têm má qualidade do sono e aqueles que trabalham com maior carga horária apresentam maior prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva.

INTRODUCTION: The covid-19 pandemic has made it necessary to study the impact of the pandemic and the new work routines imposed on workers on the health status of health professionals, especially hospital-based physical therapists. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness of hospital-based physical therapists during the covid-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional, prospective study conducted in a public hospital in northeastern Brazil. The research had as target audience, hospital-based physical therapists working or not in covid sectors during the covid-19 pandemic. We applied the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and questionnaires with demographic, work, health, and stress perception characteristics. RESULTS: Forty-five physical therapists participated in the study, and it was observed that 62.2% were female, 66.7% reported working 60h per week, and 55.6% worked in the covid and non-covid sectors. A high frequency of poor sleep quality (68.9%) was observed regardless of workload or work sector. In addition, there was a higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (43.3%) among physical therapists who worked 60h per week. CONCLUSION: Hospital-based physical therapists in a public institution have poor sleep quality, and those who work more hours have a higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness.

Somnolencia diurna excesiva identificada con la escala de Epworth en gestantes que acuden a consulta prenatal ambulatoria / Excessive daytime sleepiness identified with the Epworth scale in pregnant women attending an outpatient prenatal consultation

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante el embarazo se reportan a menudo trastornos del sueño, pero son poco explorados en el control prenatal. El objetivo fue estimar la frecuencia e identificar los factores asociados a somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE) en gestantes de bajo riesgo obstétrico que acudieron a consulta prenatal. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal dentro del proyecto «Salud biopsicosocial en gestantes», aprobado por el comité de ética de la Clínica Santa Cruz de Bocagrande, Cartagena, Colombia. Se estudiaron mujeres con 12 o más semanas de gestación. Se aplicó un formulario que incluía las escalas de somnolencia diurna de Epworth (ESE), de estrés percibido de 10 ítems (EPP-10) y revisada de depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CESD-R10). Se realizó regresión logística ajustada y no ajustada de SDE con las otras escalas y variables cualitativas. Se buscó correlación entre variables cuantitativas y la escala de Epworth. Se consideró significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 683 mujeres de 28,3 ± 6,3 años y 31,5 ± 6,9 semanas de gestación. Puntuación en la escala de Epworth: 3,82 ± 3,45. En el 4,9% se identificó SDE: 50% leve, 32,2% moderada y 17,6% importante. No se observó en el primer trimestre de gestación y la frecuencia fue similar en los otros; la SDE importante solo se observó en el tercer trimestre. Depresión: odds ratio [OR]: 3,69, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]:1,83-7,43. Anemia: OR 3,10, IC95%:1,50-6,38. Fatiga: OR 3,22, IC95%:1,23-8,44. Nerviosismo: OR 2,49, IC95%:1,22-5,12. Estrés: OR: 2,38, IC95%:1,12-5,05. Gran paridad: OR: 2,64, IC95%: 1,01-6,89. Trabajar fuera de casa: OR: 2,33, IC95%: 1,05-5,15. Todas estas variables se asociaron con SDE. En el modelo ajustado, la anemia (OR: 3,05, IC95%: 1,44-6,45) y la depresión (OR: 2,72, IC95%: 1,26-5,85) conservaron la asociación. Se observó correlación positiva, despreciable y estadísticamente significativa, de la ESE con la CESD-R10 y con la EPP-10; y ausencia de correlación con la edad materna, la edad gestacional, el número de abortos y el número de cesáreas. CONCLUSIONES: En una de cada 20 gestantes de bajo riesgo obstétrico se identificó SDE, y varias situaciones biopsicosociales se asociaron con mayor presencia.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep disturbances are constantly reported during pregnancy, although they are not often taken care of in prenatal care. The aim was to estimate the regularity and identify factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in pregnant women at low obstetric risk who attended prenatal consultation. METHOD: Cross-sectional study belonging to the project “Biopsychosocial health in pregnant women”, approved by the ethics committee of the Santa Cruz de Bocagrande Clinic, Cartagena, Colombia. Pregnant women with 12 or more weeks of gestation were studied. A form including: Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale, 10-item Perceived Stress and the Revised Depression Scale of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies was applied. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression was performed between EDS with the other scales and qualitative variables. In addition, correlation between quantitative variables and the Epworth scale. P<0.05 was significant. RESULTS: 683 pregnant women were studied, maternal age 28.3 ± 6.3 years and gestational age 31.5±6.9 weeks. Epworth Scale score: 3.82 ± 3.45. EDS was identified in 4.9%, 50% mild, 32.2% moderate and 17.6% severe. It was not observed in the first gestational trimester and the frequency was similar in the others, severe EDS only in the third trimester. Depression OR: 3.69 [95% CI: 1.83-7.43], anemia OR: 3.10 [95% CI: 1.50-6.38], fatigue OR: 3.22 [95% CI: 1.23-8.44], nervousness OR: 2.49 [95% CI: 1.22-5.12, stress OR: 2.38 [95% CI: 1.12-5.05], high parity OR: 2.64 [95% CI: 1.01-6.89] and working outside the home OR: 2.33 [95% CI: 1.05-5.15, were associated with EDS. In the adjusted model, anemia OR: 3.05 [95% CI: 1.44-6.45] and depression OR: 2.72 [95% CI: 1.26-5.85] retained the association. CONCLUSIONS: In one out of every twenty low obstetric risk pregnant women EDS was identified and several biopsychosocial situations were associated with more presence.